General Roméo A. Dallaire
Roméo A.Dallaire,born 25 June 1946 in Denekamp,in the Netherlands,is a Lieutenant General and politician Canada.
General Roméo A. Dallaire
is best known for acting in acontext humanitarianin Rwanda,when he was commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), the strength of peacekeeping UN in Rwanda duringthe genocide Rwanda inin 1994. His attempts to draw the attention of the international community on the crimes being committed in Rwanda went unheeded,he lamented and denounced his returnAfrica.He drafted with the participation of Major Brent Beardsley and Lieutenant Colonel Mailhot-Hallé, a book that chronicles the events he experienced there.
Biography
Roméo Dallaireis the son of Louis RomeoDallaire,a noncommissioned officer of the Canadian Army, and Catherine Vermaessen, a Dutch nurse. Sometimes the Netherlands at the age of 6 months, on the ship Empire Brent, landing in Halifax on December 13, 1946. He spent his childhood inMontreal.
He joined theCanadian Army in1964,where he obtained his Bachelor of Science at the Royal Military College Saint-Jean,and was commissioned as anin officer theRoyal CanadianArtillery.
Rwanda 1994 genocide
in1971,when he requested a passport Canadianto go to abroad with his troops, he was surprised to learn that his birth certificate in the Netherlands as a Canadian soldier son does not automatically give him citizenship. It has since become citizenCanadian.
Dallairealso studied at Command College and Staff of the Canadian Land Force, as well as Command and Staff College of the United States Marine Corps in Quantico, Virginia, and attended the Higher Command and Staff Course in the UK.
It commanded the 5th Light Artillery Regiment ofCanada.On 3 July 1989, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general and took command of the Royal Military College Saint-Jean. He was then transferred to Valcartier,Quebec, and took command of the 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group from 1991 to 1993.
Mission for Rwanda
Genocide of Tutsis inRwanda.
Dallaire and Beardsley wrote that the general was sent in October 1993 as commander Forces of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda (UNAMIR) and Chief Military Observer of the United Nations Observer Mission in Uganda and Rwanda (UNOMUR) to, among others, to help the country establish a Transitional Government Broad-Based (BBTG).
Following the death of Presidentof Rwanda Juvenal Habyarimana in an attack against his plane on the night of 6 to 7 April 1994, Hutu extremist government branches proceeded, using in particular small group of Interahamwe ("Those who attack together") and propaganda of Radio Television Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), with the systematic elimination of Tutsis and Hutu moderates in Rwanda.
At the head of small lightly armed personnel, Dallaire was ordered not to intervene and use force only in self-defense. But ten Belgian soldiers, servants to guard the first Rwandan minister, were assassinated by the Rwandan presidential guard while the state -Major UNAMIR, underestimating thedangerdoes not send forces to their aid. The assassination led to the withdrawal by Belgium of its contingent and weakens UNAMIR.In the hundred days that followed, nearly 800000 people are killed.
Returning from Rwanda in 1994, Dallaire argued that genocide has not been programmed, "never, I think, no one could have planned the extent of the overflow . "10 years later, he says exactly the opposite in his book Shake Hands with the Devil declarant (Libre Expression Ed.):" The responsibility of the Rwandan genocide sole responsibility of Rwandans who planned, ordered, supervised and finally headed. 
"However,according to RobinPhilpot,it adds nothing new and no evidence that would confirm his statements. Philpot also accused of blatant bias in favor of the army of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) of PaulKagame,Dallaire describes in his book as "extraordinary man", while in Belgium,is accused ofcowardice .for leaving massacre the Belgian peacekeepers without sending their backup
After Rwanda International Toronto Film Festival in 2007
returned to Canada, Dallaire was simultaneously named in September 1994 two command posts: Deputy Commander of Canadian Army at the base of Saint-Hubert,Quebec. In October 1995, he became commander of the Quebec Area LandForce.Then in 1996, he was promoted to the headquarters of National Defence.
Since his return from Rwanda, Dallaire suffers from post-traumatic stressdisorder.He retired CanadianForcesfor medical reasons, 22 April 2000.At the time of his retirement, he holds the rank of Lieutenant GeneralPresse.
"Isaw the guilt of a commander who saw his mission does not lead to a success. I also live with that vis-à-vis guilty of Rwandans who were given hope the success of their project of peace and that ultimately is being slaughtered are looking at us with eyes of misunderstanding while we were powerless to do anything. It is normal for a commander to ask questions, to say, "MaybeI argued, but I'm not convinced.Maybe I did not use the right methods.
"Moreover,December 13, 2003, he said in an interview with LeDevoir:" Eight hundred thousand people died in the spring of 1994, no onemoved.Two 1900 people disappeared in Manhattan on 11 September 2001, and Bush mobilized the world. You see, I have trouble with that. ".
If for blaming the faults of hismission,he continued a long depression. 20 June 2000,he was rushed to the hospital after being discovered on a park bench in Hull, Quebec.Intoxicated and suffering from a reaction to his antidepressants, the event was almost plunge into a coma.
History has a national issue and created a debate on the rules of engagement that are imposed on soldiersUN of peacekeeping. Dallaire also undertakes to sensitize the authorities to psychological problems experienced by veterans.
After theincident,Dallaire began to write a bookwith participation, MajorBrent Beardsleyabout the events in Rwanda. It also participates in numerous seminars and conferences. He was on the road to recovery. It was also during this period that he admitted that during his depression, he attempted suicide several times. His book Shake Hands with the The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda appears in 2003Devil.
In April 2004,he testified before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda against Colonel BagosoraBagosora.
Bagosora Criminal
his primary education in Rambura and his secondary education at the Petit Séminaire deNyundo.He did his graduate studies at the School of Kigali officers and graduated with a degree in social and military sciences. He completed his studies in January 1964 as a military rank of second lieutenant. He obtained the rank of colonel in1989.
Bagosora is the patent holder of Advanced Military Studies of theFrench War College obtained in Paris in December1981.He was also auditor of theInstitute for Higher National Defence Studies in Paris.
He has held several senior positions in the Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR). He was successively commander of the military academy and commander campKanombemilitary.He obtained the post of cabinet director at the Ministry of Defence in June 1992.
He was retired with the rank of colonel on 23 September 1993 but stayed for the post of Chief of Staff of the Ministry of Defence until 'his flight in Goma on 14 July 1994.
It is considered by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda as the highest military authority in Rwanda at the beginning theof ofgenocideTutsis inRwanda.On the night of 6 to 7 April 1994, following theattack against the presidential plane, he is opposed to that power is exercised by the Prime Minister, AgatheUwilingiyimana,despite the insistence of General Dallaire, UNAMIR and that of Jacques Roger Booh-Booh, Special Representative of the UN Secretary General in Kigali.
He chairs a crisis committee who exercises power until the formation of an interim government. He also objects to what Ms. Uwilingiyimana read a call message quiet on the radio in the morning of 7 April. This is murdered in the morning by the presidential guard and ten peacekeepers assigned to protect her.
Wanted for his role in the genocide, he was arrested on 9 March 1996. He was convicted and sentenced to 35 years in prison 2011 by the ICTR.
Minutes before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
at the RPF victory in July 1994, Colonel Bagosora flees with his family. He was arrested March 9, 1996 in Cameroon and transferred to Arusha, Tanzania 23 January 1997. He was then charged with genocide, conspiracy to commit genocide, complicity in genocide, direct and public incitement to commit genocide, crimes against humanity and violations of art.Common to the Geneva Conventions .andAdditional Protocol II of its
Uwilingiyimanawas murdered
The trial of Bagosora joined with three other officers of the Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR) in the "trial of the military" Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze and Anatole Nsengiyumva. This mechanism, which saves time by avoiding multiplicity ofproceedings,was also used in the trial of hatemedia.
Despite this, it takes two years to the prosecutor to gather evidence to charge and the charge is not ready until 14 October 2004.The defense phase began in January 2005 and cites more than 200 witnesses. One of the experts who spoke during the procedure is the historian BernardLugan,whose research on Rwanda defend the thesis of unpremeditated genocide.
On December 18, 2008Colonel Bagosora was sentenced to life in prison for the murders of Prime Minister AgatheUwilingiyimana,the President of the Constitutional Court Kavarugandas Joseph, Minister of Agriculture Frederic Nzamurambaho, the Minister of Labour Lando Ndasingwa, the Minister of Information Rucogoza Faustin, director of the Rwanda Development Bank AugustinMaharangari,ten peacekeepers, Belgian Alphonse Kabiligi, as well as crimescommitted at various roadblocks in the Kigali area, as well as the targeted killings April 7 in the morning in the city of Gisenyi. He was cleared of the charge of conspiracy to commit genocide.
Bagosora, brain Rwandan genocide
Bagosora appealed thejudgment,challenging the fact that he was informed of the events and the key role attributed to him, and a second trial was held in 2011. In its verdict, the Appeals Chamber maintains the conclusion that Bagosora was the highest military authority in Rwanda between 6 and 9 April 1994.
However, unlike the trial judges, the Appeals Chamber finds that ColonelBagosora did not order directly some of the crimes committed, but that these crimes were committed under his authority, he knew they were going to be committed and did nothing to prevent or while he had the means, or to punish the perpetrators, the reasons why his responsibility is criminally committed under Article 6.3 of the ICTR Statute.
The Appeals Chamber considers Also we can impute to Colonel Bagosora crimes committed in Gisenyi on 7 April. Accordingly, the Appeals Chamber confirms his guilt for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, but eventually reduced his sentence to life imprisonment to 35 years in prison.
Roméo A. Dallaire appointed senator
25 March 2005,Prime Minister Paul Martin appointed Dallaire to theCanadianSenate. He sits as a Liberal.Shortly after his appointment, Dallaire says his family has long contributed to the Liberal Party of Canada and the Quebec Liberal Party since 1958.
During the 2007 Quebec election campaign, he takes position in thenewspaper Montreal Press and television VAT to denounce the theses he considers deniers about the genocide in Rwanda journalist RobinPhilpot,candidate Parti Québécois in Saint-Henri-Sainte-Anne
Philpot The case is a political-profile case Quebec occurred when thedaily Montreal Press,a newspaper owned by the man ofcase of liberal PaulDesmarais, revealed that RobinPhilpot,candidate Parti Québécois in theQuebec general election,2007,was the subject of complaints about possible trivialization of Tutsis and Hutus moderatein Rwanda
La Presse
During the election campaign (March 2007), the work of Philpot on theGenocide in Rwanda ("It does not happen like that in Kigali" Montreal, TheUntouchables,2003) is suddenly raised by the Quebec media, four years after its publication. Some then consider its contents as denial,which embarrasses the PQ leader André Boisclair who initially be dissociated before publicly defend his candidate. Philpot says he never denied the existence of the genocide of Tutsis and attempts to qualify his remarks.
André Boisclair
Researchers Pierre Trudel and Callixte Kabayiza however, accuse him of supporting (as have Filip Reyntjens and AbdulRuzibiza)than Hutus were also the victims of genocide.
Case histories
Philpot had already established "Holocaustdenier" in an article in the French daily Liberation by journalist ChristopheAyad.Ayad had treated Ako Charles and Robin Philpot of "revisionist authors" for their remarks at an international conference on Rwanda at the University of the Sorbonne. Ako brought about that a defamation lawsuit against the French newspaper and won the case. Lectures in Toulouse also resulted in denial of the charges (see below Amnistia.net website and MV article Roux).
Reactionspublic
Inelection campaign, political parties have tried to make political capital. Thus, the party Québec solidaire condemned About Philpot candidate.
The Premier of Quebec Jean Charest lamented about the PQ candidate and stated that "if it continues to deny the obvious, Robin Philpot be guilty of trivializing the genocide in Rwanda." Finally, Mario Dumont said that "anyone who questions this thesis of genocide is not a little against the grain of reality."
The resignation of candidate theParti Québécois was claimed as much by its opponents from other parties as defenders of the memory of crimes againsthumanity.Rwandandomiciled Canadian strongly Philpot criticized on various Canadian television stations including Radio-Canada and the International Women's Day (8 March 2007) was an opportunity to recall, in this regard, rape and acts of barbarism committed during the genocide.
Mr. Philpot The views were supported by LeDevoir as well as a significant part of the Quebec intellectual elite. Although denounced the front page by La Presse (8 March 2007), Philpot was further promoted by the activist PierreDubuc, LysianeGagnon, Louis Cornellier and the Rwandese Canadiancongress.
linked Affairs
Robin Philpothas also laid charges against Canadians WilliamSchabas, HélènePinske, André Paradis and Louise Arbour for having taken part in the alleged rivalry between USAFRICOM and Françafrique.He also alleges that the person MichaëlleJean has served to legitimize the removal of President Jean-BertrandAristide.
Roméo Dallaire in
Darfur 3 April 2008,broadcast on the First Channel of Radio-Canada,he says, speaking of China in Darfur,it is "the most rapacious countries. I consider them like vultures of Africa, worse than the colonizers empires. They have absolutely no respect for help develop, support, improve those countries. They are only there to take.
"28 May 2014,he announced his intention to leave his Senate seat being overstretched elsewhere in Canada and internationally on issues such as child soldiers, writing two books, support the injured and their families, as well as the 20th anniversary of the Rwandan genocide. He left the Senate on June 17, after 9 years in office.
Reviews
Jacques RogerBooh-Booh,special representative in Rwanda 1993 UN Secretary General in 1994, stands a less flattering portrait of Romeo Dallaire in his own book. He accused the military that was under him of betraying the UN mission in Kigali Rwanda and neglected safety and that of peacekeepers. He further asserts that Dallaire directly bias in the conflict by supporting the Tutsi rebels against the Hutu army. For his part, Colonel Jacques Hogard who intervened in Rwanda as part of Operation Turquoise, Dallaire accuses herweakness,letting himself robbed by the UN of 9 / 10th of the workforce under his command, while the genocide was in full swing.
BernardLugan,an expert at the ICTR in his book on African Wars did an analysis serious errors and breaches of General Dallaire during his command of the mission UNAMIR
Awards and Recognition
In 2002, he received the Aegis for the prevention of genocide, London.
His book Shake Hands with the Devil earned him the Governor General's Award for work in the category of fiction, in 2004.
in Canada Dallaire is widely regarded as a hero who tried with all his might to stop the genocide and who was able to save at least a few lives.
In 2004,he was 16th on a list of CBC The Greatest Canadian (Best Canadian), the highest ranking for a military.
Many Canadian and American universities awarded himdoctorates. honorary
In 2010, it is the one of eight honorees to carry the Olympic flag at the opening ceremony the of2010 Olympic Games in Vancouver.
On 26 May 2010, a new high school in Barrie, Ontario, takes its name Romeo Dallaire
film adaptations
in film Hotel Rwanda (2004), the role inspired by General Dallaire is played by Nick Noltedocumentary.
The book Shake Hands with the Devil was adapted into a Shake Hands With the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire PeterRaymont (2004 ). The film grossed the "2004 Sundance Film Festival Audience Award for World Cinema"
The book was also the subject of a film adaptation, in the feature film Shake Hands with the Devil Roger Spottiswoode,released on 28 September 2007. The shooting took place in 2006 in Kigali and Montreal.
A Sunday in Kigali with Luc Picard
Spring 1994. Kigali, capital ofRwanda,in the heart of Africa. Torn between hope and disillusionment, Bernard Valcourt turns to a documentary on AIDS, while racial tensions between Tutsis and Hutusgrow.At the Hotel Des Mille Collines, headquarters for the Western expatriates, Valcourt falls madly in love with Gentille, a young Rwandan waitress, as beautiful as fierce. The attraction is mutual but the first steps hesitant. They are so different: she, so young, he so "White" ...
Despite all that separates them, Gentille and Valcourt surrender to love and marry, but when the genocide broke out in a wave of hatred collectively, they are brutally separated. Gentille disappears and Valcourt is forced to flee the country with fire and blood.
A few months later, while nearly one million Rwandans were massacred, Valcourt returns to Kigali, looking desperately for the woman he loves. After this relentless pursuit, he will find Gentille? And if they are together, their love will it survive the wounds of a fratricidalwar?
Between the beauty of a love story and the horror of the Rwandan genocide, A Sunday in Kigali depicts with clarity and compassion a humanity capable of the best of pire.
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_Dallaire
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